ENDNOTES

1. The term knowledge mapping consciously includes a gerund to indicate process rather than content. Knowledge mapping as a skill is a prerequisite to making use of a knowledge map. A knowledge map may have considerable worth, but only if it can take people where they want to go in terms of solving their problems or pursuing opportunities.

2. This is a simplistic view of how knowledge (information) operates at the biological level, however, assuming a trial and error approach to problem solving (survival by adaptation), the most appropriate survival strategies become encapsulated in genetic traits, and eventually vital species.

3. Top sight, in response to complexity, is seen as the "most precious intellectual commodity known to man." See David Gelernter, Mirror Worlds, Oxford University Press, New York, 1992, pp. 51-53.

4. Psychologist Anantol Rapoport of the University of Toronto developed a program which demonstrated that "tit for tat" was the simplest and most successful survival strategy, among 74 more sophisticated models submitted to a competition intended to resolve the Prisoners' Dilemma. See Complexity by M. Mitchell Waldrop, Simon and Schuster Inc., New York, 1992, pp. 263-266.